About this time of year, many of us in North America tune in to watch a Christmas favorite movie, ‘It’s a Wonderful Life’, set in the idyllic town of Bedford Falls. In the town you will find the pharmacy, the dairy, the bakery, the hardware store and all the other small businesses that typified North America in the early post war period. There was a job for everyone, and the town was, in many ways, self-sufficient.
However, in the early 1960’s, an entrepreneurial businessman named Sam Walton came along with a disruptive approach to retailing. He decided that he could operate on higher volumes and lower profit margins and sell for less...sell everything for less. If your home needed it, Sam wanted to supply it.
From a small town in Arkansas, Sam set about perfecting his model and by the 1980’s he had become legendary. His model drove people to his stores, by now the size of warehouses, as he continued to drive down prices. The only problem was that he also drove out his competition. The local stores – the pharmacy, the dairy, the bakery, the hardware store – they all fell under the foot of Sam. And Sam’s pricing structure did not support the wages of those who were left behind, either at the retail locations and often not at the manufacturing level. The Walmart purchasing power pitted one supplier against another in the race to the bottom, and often to bankruptcy. So, Sam looked overseas, routinely to China, to find companies to supply the insatiable demand for low-cost products that Walmart customers demanded. They demanded them in ever increasing numbers because as good paying jobs were being eliminated, Walmart was all they could afford.
And now we want to vilify China for simply being a willing participant in the erosion of the North American manufacturing sector. China didn’t come knocking with an intent to undermine the American way of life. In many ways, they wanted to emulate it; just look at the quantity of iPhones or Teslas that the Chinese have acquired.
So how much does China supply to Walmart. Estimates suggest that 70%-80% of all Walmart sales are from Chinese sourced products. With global sales of $642 billion, that implies that sales of Chinese supplied products are in the range of $450-$520 billion with an estimated cost of $340-$390 billion.
Walmart, with the full and implicit approval of American consumers, has decimated the labor-intensive industries in America. Garments are a prime example, but the with up to 80% of sales being China sourced, very few industries are not impacted.
Other competitors have tried to emulate the Walmart model. Some have succeeded; most have failed. We can cry ‘foul’ on Chinese manufacturers, but the real culprit is in the mirror. Sam made it too easy for us.
Bedford Falls was the dream. Walmart has helped to make it Potter’s Ville.
And the addiction continues...
Merry Christmas? Bah humbug!